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Showing posts with label Women and Race. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Women and Race. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 25, 2014

I left New APPS when a blog post of mine was taken down without my consent.

[Update: The post was restored the next morning]

Here is the post, if anyone is interested:

24 March 2014

Rutgers student engages in trolling and sexist behavior

Rutgers is one of my favorite departments in the world. I admire and respect the faculty there. Many people there are my very dear friends. But not all students, or friends of students, at Rutgers respect women. I wrote a blog post about trolling yesterday. It turned out that I was being trolled as well.
"Highly Adequate" "Tara Nelson" and "JW Showalter" have all posted from the same Rutgers [or East Brunswick] IP address. So has “Suzanne Southam.” [update: we have no info on "Highly Adequate's" IP address.] So, "Tara Nelson” may not be "JWShowalter." But it looks like "Tara Nelson" is "Highly Adequate." [update: or, at least wanted to draw attention to him.]"Highly Adequate" is probably a fellow Rutgers student of “JW Showalter,” if not "JW Showalter" himself. Alternatively, there is a small team of trolls working closely together from the same IP address.
Also, notice that "Highly Adequate" abbreviates "HA." That has a particular meaning, which I won't repeat here. I think everyone in philosophy will know what this might refer to.
So, please fellow bloggers in the blogosphere ignore the comments that this or these students are making. They are trolling you. They are trolling me. They are potentially dangerous. They are potentially psychotic or psychopathic.

Comments

1
Rachel said...
"They are potentially psychotic or psychopathic."
Come on. That's totally ableist.
2
John Turri said...
Hi Brit,
Very unfortunate about the dismal trolling you note. We definitely should not tolerate that.
Real quickly, I haven't read the posts/comments you linked to, so perhaps there is further evidence to be had there. But, for people who don't wan't to experience the painful trolling for themselves, could you please say what the evidence is that one or more Rutgers graduate students, specifically, are responsible for the activity from this IP address? Did he/she/they say that they were (philosophy?) graduate students?
Thanks,
John
PS: Incidentally, doesn't "Tara Nelson" abbreviate "TN"?
3
Taylor Murphy said...
I think "Highly Adequate" and JW Showalter are different people. See e.g., the exchange linked below, with JWS telling HA that Cordelia Fine responds to HAs objections in her Delusions of Gender book. Just posting this because JWS is presumably the only non-anonymous named person, and given the linked exchange, probably shouldn't be associated with HA's views or behavior.
laughingphilosopherblog.wordpress.com/2014/03/19/on-amy-ferrer-the-apa-and-the-colorado-site-visit/comment-page-1/#comment-166
4
Berit Brogaard said in reply to John Turri...
Thank you for catching that!
The evidence is complex. They know a lot about philosophy. They are students. They [update, 2:30 pm: "Showalter" and "Nelson"; we have no info on "Highly Adequate's" IP] have Rutgers IP addresses (the same one). "Highly Adequate" abbreviates "HA," which refers to a certain accuser.
"Tara Nelson" has the email address of T Nelson Downs--an obscure historical figure: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_Downs
"JW Showalter" is also the name of an obscure historical figure: http://1heckofaguy.com/2009/03/11/jackson-whipps-showalter-chess-champion-curve-ball-proponent-cigar-aficionado/
We don’t know for sure whether Nelson = Showalter = “Highly Adequate.”
5
Berit Brogaard said in reply to Rachel...
It's a diagnostic guess. The illnesses are so-called.
6
John Collins said...
Berit,
Why do you think they are students, rather than professors?
Also, why would someone espousing anti-feminist views give himself/herself the initials of an accuser? (I'm assuming you mean someone who has made accusations of some kind of inappropriate sexual behavior. I don't know the names of any recent accusers.)
7
Former Leeds Graduate Student, Somewhat Precariously Employed said...
I Imagine you've got evidence to rule out the possibility that Rutgers grad students might share an office or Internet connection.

8
Justin Tiehen said...
Hi Brit,
Your link to yesterday's blog post about trolling is broken, I believe. (I think the problem is that it includes the "newappsblog.com" portion of the address twice.)
9
Tara Nelson said...
Hello, Berit.
Just to clarify: I am non-identical with the other people you mention, and am not and have never been a Rutgers student. I am not sexist or 'trolling'. I live out of state, though I am briefly visiting New Jersey this week.
I completely disagree with everything HA (at Laughing Philosopher) says, and I don't know how to make that clearer.
Perhaps some of the other people behind the other names you mention are identical with one another. It sounds as though you have narrowed that person or persons down to people at or visiting Rutgers, whether staff, faculty, grads, undergrads, or guests, or people living in the area getting their internet service through Rutgers. As I'm sure you know, the firewalls behind which users operate at large institutions tend to assign everyone the same or similar IP addresses.
Again: I am the farthest thing in the world from a sexist or an essentialist sexist. I wrote specifically to look for resources to use against an essentialist sexist. I think I made that very clear. That is not 'trolling' but a sincere and well-motivated request.
Thank you,
Tara
10
Rachel said...
If it's a diagnostic guess, then that counts as possibly defamatory, and it's the same crap that people are criticizing Leiter for having done to me. So perhaps we shouldn't do it to others.
It's perhaps interesting, but certainly troubling, that you're a strong proponent of the ableism behind "blind" (e.g., "blind refereeing") but fine with the ableism of "psychopathic."
See: http://www.blackgirldangerous.org/2014/01/racist-ableist-use-term-psychopath/
11
Rachel said...
Also, could you perhaps point to where "Psychopath" as a diagnosis (you say "illness") is in either the DSM (IV or V) or the ICD?
I wasn't aware there was any such illness "so-called."
12
Alexis Shotwell said...
Hi Berit,
Just to amplify what I take Rachel to be saying - you're using terms that designate mental illness in derogatory ways - or, anyhow, equating being "psycho" with being dangerous, trolling, etc. That's the ableist part of the post (and unfortunate, since you're linking in the linked post to productive discussions about disability!)

13
Graduate Student said...
I'm probably in the minority, but I found the suggestion of mental illness very off-putting.
(And this was before the correction. Surely if we are going to make conjectures about the health lives of our students, we should do so on pretty damn good evidence.)
14
Berit Brogaard said in reply to John Collins...
"HA" is an accuser. Trolls work in mysterious ways. But this is one of them.
15
Berit Brogaard said in reply to Rachel...
I recall that you used the word "blind" in a reply to me. I pointed out that it was ableist language. You said that that's what the phenomenon is called.
16
Berit Brogaard said in reply to Alexis Shotwell...
No, I meant it literally. Many trolls are mentally ill.
17
Rachel said...
I believe that was in discussing what's known in multiple literatures as the implicit bias blindspot (which Helen De Cruz has usefully written about in a NewAPPS post here: http://www.newappsblog.com/2013/03/are-philosophers-more-biased-than-other-academics.html).
But is that your defense for using ableist language, that I've used "blind" in talking about the bias blindspot? If so, it sounds like your defense of, say, punching someone is that, well, the person accusing you of punching someone has themselves once punched another person. That's not a very good defense.
18
Berit Brogaard said in reply to Berit Brogaard...
I thought your reply was odd, given that you are not exactly helping us fight ableism.
19
Rachel said in reply to Berit Brogaard...
Interesting. Do you have a psychology or psychiatry degree? Are you qualified to make such diagnoses?
And again, on what basis are you making these diagnoses? Are you using the DSM or ICD? Which version?
20
Berit Brogaard said in reply to Rachel...
Yes, in fact I do. That was my first degree.
The comment section following this blog post (which I wrote) may help you out:
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-superhuman-mind/201212/the-making-serial-killer/comments
21
Rachel said...
Ah, so by a couple internet comments, you've diagnosed this person (or these people) as having…wait, what ICD or DSM diagnosis, exactly? I don't see any mental illness labeled "Psychopath."
You think that's responsible?
22
Rachel said...
Hmm. I think you're trolling if you literally meant that they're a psychopath.
23
Berit Brogaard said in reply to Rachel...
It's not my job to teach you clinical psychology. Furthermore, taking over the thread and focusing on a different topic, like you are now doing, is a form of trolling.
24
Neil said...
Most psychiatrists think that psychopathy overlaps considerably with what the DSM calls anti-social personality disorder. Many think that it is a proper set of the latter. Few researchers use ASPD as a category, holding that psychopathy is closer to a natural kind than ASPD. If ASPD is a mental illness, then psychopathy is (I'm not sure I would accept the antecedent).
There is evidence that trolls exhibit psychopathic traits Psychopathy is dimensional: probably some would exceed the cut off score for a diagnosis. That score is rather arbitrary, fwiw.
See, for instance, here:
https://www.academia.edu/5975837/Online_Trolls_Sadists_of_the_Internet
25
Rachel said...
Yes, Neil, I'm very well aware of this. I was poking Berit because she seems determined to double (and even triple) down on her ableist use of "psychopath" to describe internet trolling. Her doing that is ableist, and she hasn't addressed that point one bit. She's derailed the point by attacking me.
26
Berit Brogaard said...
Here is my comment from the comment section I linked to above:
"ASPD, Psychopathy and Sociopathy
Submitted by Berit Brogaard, D.M.Sci., Ph.D on December 22, 2012 - 5:52am.
In the old version of DSM (DSM-IV) the ten personality disorders are divided into three clusters. A: Unusual behavior. B: Dramatic behavior. C. Neurotic behavior. Cluster B includes narcissistic personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The latter (ASPD) can (allegedly) be socially based or psychologically based. We sometimes call the first type of disorder "sociopath" and the second type "psychopath."
There has been a lot of criticism of the distinction between psychopathy and sociopathy, because the words indicate that we actually know what grounds ASPD in the first place, which we don't. Personally I prefer to use 'psychopathy' and 'ASPD' synonymously because even if a mental disorder is socially or environmentally based, it is still manifested psychologically.
Though it's somewhat controversial I personally believe most personality disorders and other mental disorders are spectrum disorders. It makes sense to me to talk about degrees of narcissism, for example.
I hold the same view with respect to attachment styles. If you have an avoidant attachment style, you will fall somewhere on the spectrum, which means that you may be very avoidant or a little avoidant or somewhere in between. Likewise, there probably would be very few people who have a secure attachment style in all circumstances, unless we allow for some variation in security.
I also personally believe many people who satisfy the diagnostic features for one personality disorder also satisfy the features for some of the other personality disorders in the same cluster. In fact, this was one of the problems the committee working on DSM-V hoped to solve. Whether they have solved it or not is debatable."
27
Jon Cogburn said in reply to Rachel...
I'm not getting this.
How is "psychopath" ableist? I know that the DSM are sticking with "Anti-Social Personality Disorder," but there's an overwhelming amount of experimental work that shows they dropped the ball on this one (as well as so much else). Please see the literature over view in Ken Levy's excellent recent law piece: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1996849 . Or see Denham's excellent “Psychopathy, Empathy & Moral Motivation” in J. Broakes (ed.) Iris Murdoch, Philosopher: A Collection of Essays (Oxford University Press, 2011).
Psychopaths systematically lack the ability to automatically feel empathy. They tend to have a lot of traits in common with people who have clinical levels of narcissim or borderline personality disorder, but one can have these things while still having the ability to automatically feel empathy.
There's tons of excellent research on psychopathy. For example they process sentences that reference abstractions slighlty slower, tend to miss the valence of metaphors (even while having no processing problems with the interpretation of the metaphors). They understand why a person gets angry when they hurt that person but can hardly even convincingly fake understanding about why someone gets mad on someone else's behalf. It is the latter data that makes psychopaths so important in law, because it's not clear that they really understand our laws (Levy argues that they understand contracts and so thus can be legally even if not morally liable).
I guarantee you that use of the word "psychopath" as a pejorative term for people who genuinely can't automatically feel empathy is not going to cause them any emotional pain. Psychopaths really, really, really don't care what you think.
Another thing wrong with ableism is that it sets up unreasonable standards. But people *should* be expected to manifest basic empathy of the sort that seems very foreign to the owner of the sock puppets who has ruined so much discussion on (by my count) five well-read philosophy blogs now.
The person involved with the sock puppetry *should* be ashamed for violating the autonomy of the rest of the philosophical community. He should be ashamed that in part because of him all of the well read blogs are censoring far more anonymous comments because we're worried about trolling ruining yet more conversations. If he actually feels shame for coming across as completely unempathic to the rest of us in his puppetry and his obsessive defense of male privilege (as well as how he treats interlocutors) fine. He should be ashamed and try do better.
Again, if he really is a psychopath, then he won't feel any shame. But I can't see what the problem is in either case.
There are deep issues here around the manner in which psychological terms are both normative and descriptive in a weird virtue-theoretic way. This is in part why the theory of personality disorders is such a mess. People are so endlessly creative at discovering different ways of making a hash out of their own lives that psychologists just can't come up with compelling natural kinds. If psychologists realized that what they were doing was normative maybe they'd have a little more humility here (actually they do realize this, but they are very aware that insurance companies use the DSM so they try to write the thing so that the most insured people who need help can get it). But it would be the height of folly to use the fact that psychologists and insurance companies have medicalized these things to refrain from engaging in normative assessment about manifestations of the relevant caricature traits. I think this is the upshot of a lot of Foucault and Hacking, though experts can correct me.
We don't want to say it's ableist whenever we criticize crappy and/or frightening behavior. Among other things, this is an insult to the vast majority of disabled people who are neither more nor less crappy as human beings than everybody else.
For anyone reading this, if I'm being particularly obtuse please direct the corrections at me, and not Berit. If what I wrote is anger inducing, please feel free to express that but don't make assumptions about my own status as abled or otherwise (for that matter God knows that life is impossible for every sentient creature, even the laughing philosopher person so bizarrely obsessed with maintaining male privilege in all things relating to academic philosophy).
28
RM said...
This has what it has come to. Publicly making wildly speculative denunciatory assertions based on ... possible connections to IP addresses.
Truly infantile. Hope for progress has effectively been dashed.
29
Berit Brogaard said in reply to RM...
Rutgers is currently tracking them down and will dispel them from the program, as they are ruining all the progress Rutgers has made on the gender front.
30
Berit Brogaard said in reply to Tara Nelson...
Hello Tara,
I am pleased to hear that you are merely visiting Rutgers because it would be terrible if you were actually a grad student there, given your apparent affiliation with the "two" other trolls.
If you truly are a visiting student who accidentally used the computers or IPads/IPhones of trolls, please send me an email with your real name and affiliation, and I will clear you "name" after some investigation. brogaardb@gmail.com
I am very familiar with IP addresses. Thank you.
31
Wow said...
@29: so this is what it's come to? Threats of being "dispelled" (I hope this is a joke, actually) and claims that people are dangerous and psychotic? It's impressive that you (BB) are so confident of your judgements about whether people are actually stating their opinion as opposed to trolling that you are willing to say things like this publicly. I personally find your behavior here much more shameful than theirs, though I'm sure you must disagree.
All in all, this whole thing has degenerated amazingly. Speaking as a non-philosopher, I can attest to the fact that people in neighboring disciplines are not impressed with the whole elementary school squabble thing.
32
Berit Brogaard said in reply to Wow...
Did you really think that sanctions are imposed only on faculty members? As a graduate student, you are employed by the university and have to abide by the same rules.
33
Grad Student said in reply to Wow...
I don't see the material importance of whether the comments and posts in question are someone's actual opinion or products of trolling.
34
Berit Brogaard said...
At this point no more anonymous comments will be approved. Only comments that are attached to real names and real email addresses will be approved.
35
Berit Brogaard said...
You will need to provide a real first and a real last name and a real email address, otherwise I will not approve your comment. Please resubmit if you did not already do that.
36
Berit Brogaard said...
Also, I will not approve any abusive comments.
37
Berit Brogaard said...
Sorry, I will not approve the comments of boyfriends or girlfriends on behalf of their partners.
38
Berit Brogaard said...
Reply to anonymous (whose comment wasn't published): Yes, sexual discrimination and trolling on blogs or elsewhere in public could be grounds for dismissal, not least at an elite program. This also applies to Colorado (@ Colorado troll).
39
Matt Drabek said...
I'm sorry, Berit. You have my sympathy for being trolled, but you completely lost me at the point of tattling to Rutgers and threatening to have the student expelled from the program. You're using your position as a tenured professor to bully a grad student, and that's shameful.
40
Jon Cogburn said in reply to Wow...
Wow,
I don't mean to be speaking for Berit (or any of the other members of Newapps, just as Berit is not speaking for them or me), but let me note that "Showalter" has dishonestly pretended to be different people dozens of times over the last few months here, at Leiter Reports, at Philosophers Anonymous, at Philosophy Smoker, and (if I remember right) at Feminist Philosophers (certainly among other blogs I don't follow) to: (a) completely derail conversations, (b) try to drive traffic to his laughing philosopher blog, and (c) get people angry who care about the problem of male privilege in philosophy.
This person successfully misled Berit about his identity to draw attention to yet another rebarbative post attacking people who are trying to do something about sexual harassment in philosophy (this time the Executive Director of the APA).
Don't you think she has a right to be angry? Don't you think the people at Rutgers should try to get this person to cut it out?
Unless you run a blog, you have no idea how much extra work this person is causing anyone who wants to have a blog with open communication and consequently what an impediment to free unrestrained speech his behavior is.
41
Berit Brogaard said in reply to Matt Drabek...
That's ridiculous. I am not a faculty member or administrator at Rutgers. I do not control who is dismissed from programs I am not in. But the actions we have talked about could be grounds for dismissal, if not from the university then from the department. Certainly, if any grad student in my current program behaved like this, they would be dismissed from our graduate program.
42
Berit Brogaard said...
As a friend of mine pointed out, we must leave open the possibility that a student from a different department is posing as a Rutgers student. My friend sent me this quote from an article about how to fake IP addresses:
"And as this article is being written (at a local coffee shop), the geo-locator says I'm near Wichita, Kansas, when I'm in fact smelling the breezes off the Pacific Ocean between San Diego and Los Angeles. (If you go to our Hide IP address page you'll find out how that can happen.)
Still, even when not pinpoint accurate, geolocation usually puts a computer user in a nearby town or area, which may be good enough for the person who wants to know where the curious email they received was really sent from. Check out Trace Email."
43
Berit Brogaard said...
Several of you keep inventing names and emails. Your comments will not be published.
44
Berit Brogaard said...
As I am checking your email addresses I keep getting this kind of message:
"Delivery to the following recipient failed permanently:
XXXX@gmail.com
Technical details of permanent failure:
The email account that you tried to reach does not exist"
Your comment is being held for moderation and will be displayed once it has been approved by the site owner.

Wednesday, September 26, 2012

More Bad News for Women in Academia

The New York Times, Sept. 24, 2012, has a blurb reporting on a finding in science about this, entitled: Bias Persists for Women of Science, a Study Finds *HT: Claus Emmeche)

Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Zach Ernst writes about unprincipled denial of tenure

Philosopher Zach Ernst writes about his female colleague and wife who was just denied tenure by her department:

She was also specifically faulted for failing to design new courses for the department. If this strikes you as odd, it should – after all, I have also never designed a new course for the department. Nor was I ever asked to do so. But in my case, this issue never arose. Finally, with respect to her teaching, she was faulted for not teaching a wide enough variety of courses. But as I’ve already mentioned, our courses are assigned by fiat by the chair of the department, without our input or approval. And as you might expect by now, this issue never arose during my tenure process, despite the fact that both she and I taught exactly what we were assigned. Regarding her research, she was faulted because several of her papers were co authored – and as I’ve mentioned already, co-authored work and collaboration of any kind is discouraged in our department. However, a much larger percentage of my own publications were co-authored, often with three other colleagues. And predictably, this issue about co-authored publications was never raised during my tenure review. In fact, our department had recently adopted a policy about credit for co-authored work, which was scrupulously followed by both of us. If anyone should have come under criticism for this issue, it should have been me. I could go on. She had a vastly greater number of more prestigious presentations than I have ever had, many of which were in international forums (none of mine were). She had a larger number of invited articles to the most prestigious presses in her field, many more than I have ever had, despite the fact that I am two years senior to her. And despite all of this, my tenure case was a breeze, and hers has been a failure. When a man and a woman are being evaluated in a male-dominated field such as ours, it’s easy to spot hypocrisy and sexism. I would submit that this is one such case.

Here is the link to the full article. I have seen this happen repeatedly in recent times. Women are held to much higher standards than men in tenure and promotion cases.

Sunday, July 03, 2011

Summer Existentialism Class 2011

If you were unable to attend our meetings discussing Simone De Beauvoir's The Ethics of Ambiguity and The Second Sex, you can listen to the mp3 files here, either by clicking the play buttons directly on this site or by clicking the links located on top of each window:

Discussion of the Ethics of Ambiguity



Discussion of the Second Sex

Thursday, March 10, 2011

Male-Only Volumes and a Confession

Brian Weatherson recently called attention to a debate about female representations in volumes and at conferences. Over at TAR, he writes:

Andy Egan and I have (very slowly) put together a collection of papers on epistemic modals and epistemic modality, and it is coming out with OUP this spring. The collection isn’t perfect; it should have come out ages ago, and contributor list is missing a certain something [i.e., female contributors], but we hope it’s a valuable addition to the literature. I’ll hopefully write more about this closer to publication, especially about what I wish I’d done differently along the way to publication.

Interesting discussion of these issues can be found here.

As I say in my reply to the blog post. I don't want to defend male-only volumes (of course). But, as I say there, in some cases, it is difficult to get women to contribute. On average, an Oxford M&E volume has only 10% contributors. I am not sure whether that reflects the number of women working in M&E. There are 20% women employed in US departments. But they don't all work in M&E. So, I am not sure whether 10% is good or bad. No-women volumes are clearly a bad thing. But the editor is not always to blame.

I also have a confession to make: I actually reviewed Egan and Weatherson's volume proposal for Oxford and regrettedly did not point out that there weren't any female contributors. A friend and former colleague of mine, who is currently employed by a top-university department, has made a habit out of pointing out to the publisher that a volume she is asked to referee should not be published if it does not have a reasonable number of female contributions. I will adhere to her stricter and higher ethical standards in the future.

Thursday, October 28, 2010

Philosophy and Psychology Courses Spring 2011

Here is the list of courses I will be teaching/involved in for Spring 2011. I will also be the graduate director of philosophy, starting January 2011, and I will continue my board membership on the gender studies program. So, feel free to come to my office to talk to me about these courses. We are still deciding on the readings. The sexual ethics course is only open to undergraduate students for credit. Some graduate students have expressed interest in sitting in on it. You are very welcome to do that.

1. Sexual Ethics (Big lecture course, freshmen and sophomore, GEN ED, cross-listed with the gender studies program)

2. Virtue Epistemology (upper-level undergraduate and graduate course in philosophy)

3. Biological Bases of Behavior (graduate course in neuropsychology)

Sunday, May 02, 2010

What Women's Butts Really Look Like

There has been a lot of discussion of whether Britney Spears's recent release of untouched versions of images of her half-naked body just is another case of "bourgeois body image feminism" and not the worthwhile struggle for "real gender equality".

But c'mon, you gotta give Britney credit for exposing her behind like this with cellulite and everything. Most women look like the gal on the right, not the gal on the left. The one on the left is the result of heavy photoshop brushing, not the real thing. Dream on guys.

Or better: stop dreaming. If you really want someone who looks like the girl on the left, you probably have pedophile tendencies cuz that's how a 10-year-old looks. Once the teen hormones kick in, fat cells naturally get filled, and they don't get filled evenly. Or maybe you should join an association for anorexic girls. If you are lucky, sick starving girls might look like that too (HT: Feminist Philosophers).

Saturday, March 13, 2010

Book Review: The Hidden Brain: How Our Unconscious Minds Elect Presidents, Control Markets, Wage Wars, and Save Our Lives

In his recent book The Hidden Brain: How Our Unconscious Minds Elect Presidents, Control Markets, Wage Wars, and Save Our Lives science journalist Shankar Vedantam argues that our unconscious thoughts and emotions, for example our implicit sexism, racism and conformity to the behavior of others in a group, govern behavior we explicitly despise. Many Americans have a racial bias against Africans and African-Americans not because of biology but because of culture, says Vedantam. We grow up watching television and quickly learn who the most successful leaders in our country are. We are taught that the stereotype of a successful leader is a white male. We implicitly think that people of color and women are inferior to white males. In stressful situations our implicit biases quiet down our rational inner voices and take control of our decision making. Michael Richard’s racist rant during a 2006 stand-up appearance is an example of how our true temperament may suddenly rear its ugly head. Vedantam does not think that Michael Richard is significantly more racist in his beliefs than any one of us. The difference is a matter of degree, he says.

According to Vedantam, our unconscious mind fuels most of our decisions to act the way we do. Vedantam explains how the hidden impulses of a large crowd of onlookers fueled the horrible events that took place on the Belle Isle Bridge in Detroit on the morning of August 19, 1995, where Deletha Word, college student and mother of a 13-teen year old, was beaten up beyond belief by Martell Welch in front of crowd of onlookers who not only failed to intervene but also failed to notify the police. Some allegedly cheered him on as he beat up Deletha and tore off her clothes. Why didn’t the onlookers put an end to it? Because people unconsciously mirror the reactions of others in a crowd. Even though they understand at a rational level that they ought to notify the authorities or stop the incident, their hidden world of learned behavior prevents them from doing so.

One of the most fascinating sections of Vedantam's book is the discussion of how two transgendered biology professors at Stanford University underwent a complete change, not just sexually but also in how they were treated professionally, when they changed their appearance. One of the professors went from being a woman to being a man, and the other went from being a man to being a woman. The one who became a man suddenly was taken more seriously and was treated with a whole new kind of respect. The one who became a woman found that she was taken less seriously, and her pay fell significantly relative to her peers, all as a result of changing her sex.

As the book progresses Vedantam becomes increasingly more free in his interpretations of the scientific data. He moves from discussions of how our unconscious attitudes shape small-scale behavior to our unconscious resistance to famine relief and the hidden brain's seductive powers in suicide bombings and presidential elections. Despite the leap from solid evidence to more creative hypotheses about what drives our political and social decisions, the later sections of the book raise the important philosophical questions of whether we are responsible for behavior driven by our brain's hidden impulses and whether we can change our tendency to act on our predilections.

Though Vedantam remains optimistic about our capability of changing our inclinations by bringing our implicit biases to light and by using reason rather that gut feeling to guide our decisions, he doesn't really offer much by way of insight into how we should go about changing our ways. He also does not really answer the question of to what extent we should be held liable for behavior governed by our unconscious biases. But on a whole The Hidden Brain offers an insightful treatment of the delicate question of why we make the horrible decisions we do when they could have been avoided with a bit of confidence in the light of reason.

Thursday, May 21, 2009

Gender-Specific Emotions

There is a very interesting post on gender and emotions over at Feminist Philosophers. JJ mentions that she believes that the gender-specificity of emotions and emotional responses is often ignored in the mainstream literature on emotions. She also indicates that the different reactions of men and women to professional criticism might be partially responsible for the sort of male dominance often seen in our profession.

Tuesday, April 21, 2009

On Philosophy Blogging, with Gualtiero Piccinini

Gualtiero Piccinini blogs at Brains.

G: What prompted you to launch a philosophy blog?

B: I was giving a talk in Aberdeen in Scotland in July 2006 and had a pub conversation with Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Carrie Jenkins, John Hawthorne and others about blogging. One side led by Walter argued that blogging was too time-consuming to be a worthwhile enterprise both for authors and readers. The other side led by Carrie argued that blogging was just an extended and more public version of emailing that could benefit both authors and readers in various ways. I was on Carrie's side, and to make my opinions a bit more believable I decided to start my blog, Lemmings, upon my return. I am very happy I did.

What prompted you? And why did you decide to turn it into a group blog?

G: It must have been fall of 2005. I knew some philosophers, such as Matt Weiner, who had started blogs. I was curious. One day I noticed a book on blogging on my wife's boss's bookshelf, so I borrowed it. The author turned out to be a right wing nut arguing that blogging was a way to defeat the democrats.

At the time, he was not obviously wrong - democrats were barely recovering from John Kerry's defeat in 2004. He was wildly wrong in the long run, though. Left wing blogs like Daily Kos have many more readers than their right wing counterparts and are credited with helping build the progressive movement that turned the political tide in America.

Anyway, the book's author also argued that blogging is a helpful tool, and that everyone should blog. I decided to give it a try. I started my blog, Brains, in December 2005. Within a few months, a reader and fellow philosopher of mind pointed out that there was no group blog in philosophy of mind. He suggested that I turn Brains into a group blog. He said he'd like to contribute. He actually took more than two years to write his first post! But many others have contributed in the meantime.

You said you are happy you started your blog. What are the benefits?

B: I use my blog to announce conferences, calls for papers, and other related events, to post pictures from conferences and to inform readers when I upload new papers to my website. It's also a great place to try out new ideas and get feedback on my work. Blogging makes people aware of your existence. I like to think that I write for an audience. Sometimes the audience consists of just a few referees. However, blogging increases the chance that your work gets read. Certainly, my citation indices went way up after I started my blog. I also suddenly got more invites to volumes and conferences. And more people became interested in my work. But blogging also has other more important benefits. It's a great way to increase awareness of the inequalities which still exist in our profession, for instance, awareness of the sort of male favoritism that is characteristic of the field as a whole. Some larger (or smaller) blogs familiarly serve other purposes as well, for example, they announce philosophy jobs and moves and discuss problems internal to the profession (e.g. unprofessional refereeing practices).

What are the benefits for you? Do you think some of these benefits will disappear as the popularity of alternative ways of sharing one's interests with others, for instance Facebook, increases?

G: I agree with your list of benefits. I also find blogging useful to find and connect with other people interested in my area, and to promote ideas that I find worthwhile and underappreciated. By the way, I enjoy your posts against male favoritism. I'd like to think I don't have that bias, but it's good to be reminded of it, so I can counteract it when I can.

I don't think Facebook and other tools change the usefulness of blogging. Facebook is a way to communicate with "friends", whereas blogging is a way to communicate with anyone interested in the topic. They serve different purposes.

Can you say more about your audience? What do you know about them? Do you track their number and location?

B: I used to look very closely at my stats but I have lost interest in them lately. I do occasionally look at them but now mostly at overall numbers. I have about 200 hits a day, more when I actually post and when others link to my posts and less when I take a break from blogging. About 70% of my readers are from the US and Canada, about 20% are from Australia and Great Britain, and about 10% are from other countries. I get really excited whenever I see a new country on the list. Today and yesterday I had readers from the US, Great Britain, Unknown, Canada, Australia, Germany, Hong Kong, Denmark, Holland, Norway, Spain, New Zealand, Czech Republic, China, Malaysia, Hungary, Slovakia, Lithuania, Italy, Thailand, Romania, Sweden, France, Colombia, Austria, Israel, Serbia and Montenegro, Costa Rica, Portugal, Peru, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Turkey, India, Russian Federation, Pakistan, Iran, Islamic Republic, Belgium and Switzerland. It's exciting that there are people all over the globe who actually have an interest in reading my posts. It's almost like having friends all over the globe, except I usually don't know who they are. But they know me — they know what I think, what I do, what I like, and what I look like, and they can communicate with me by commenting on my posts or by sending me emails — and they often do. I like corresponding with people in all sorts of ways. Even though a lot of my correspondence is professional, corresponding with people is also my hobby. It's what I like to do.

What are your readers like? And what are your co-bloggers like? Have you had any trouble cooperating with your co-bloggers?

G: My readers are like yours, I think. People with some interest in the topic, from all over the world — mostly from industrialized countries. Some faculty, some students, some others. My co-bloggers are 22 faculty and students interested in philosophy of mind and related sciences. Some are old friends of mine, others are simply readers who asked to contribute. I made new friends that way!

If anyone who seems competent asks me to be a contributor, I am happy to give them an account. Their name appears on the side bar after they publish their first post. If I had more time, I would invite more people to contribute. Hopefully some day I will. I've never had any problem with contributors, and only rarely with commenters. Sometimes I get spam comments — either people trying to advertise something, or people who spout nonsense about a post. I moderate the comments, so none of the spam appears on the blog.

One of the common objections I hear is that blogging takes too much time. This is not at all my experience. I spend very little time blogging — maybe one or two hours a week — and when I do, I often get good feedback that is very much worth the time. How do you feel about this? How much time does blogging take away from you?

B: These days just an hour or two a week, but when I was more active on the blogging scene I would spend a few hours a day. I like to contribute to other blogs too. I glance at at least 20 blogs a day and scrutinize maybe three of them. I like to know what's going on. And it's interesting how the style and content can vary from blog to blog, or even from post to post on the same blog. Sometimes reading blogs is like reading celebrity gossip columns and other times it's like reading professional philosophy or science journals or newspapers. There are also those blogs that are more like diaries. I totally dig those. They are cool. Not many philosophy blogs are like that, though. And those that are like that tend to be anonymous, for good reasons. Here are a few of my favorites:

http://bitchphd.blogspot.com/
http://pecunium.livejournal.com/
http://youngfemalescientist.blogspot.com/

I also really like this blog for its uniqueness:

http://nosnowhere.wordpress.com/

Maybe some day I will start an anonymous live journal. Or maybe I already did :-) What are your blogger aspirations? Do you aspire to become bigger? To write on more general topics? To gain more influence on the practices of our profession?

G: I’m busy enough with the philosophy of mind and related sciences. I’d like the field to become more rigorous and move towards a greater integration of psychology and neuroscience. The empirical side of the field is still largely framed by the ideas of the old greats: Fodor, Dennett, the Churchlands, etc.; Classical computationalism vs. connectionism. But this is a confused and simplistic dichotomy! They established the field, but they left many foundational issues unresolved and poorly understood. I think we have the conceptual tools and empirical evidence to make progress; we just need to deploy them carefully and see where we can go with them. There are a bunch of young people, including several Brains contributors, who are working on foundational issues. Some of them are still in graduate school. Blogging helps spreading the word, I hope. If I find some time, I might try to build Brains into a bigger blog, with more contributors. Or maybe someone else will read this and volunteer to help? There is a lot to do!

What about you? Where do you go from here, blogging-wise?

B: I would like to blog more about male favoritism and other kinds of favoritism in philosophy. Before I had tenure I thought it was a bit risky to blog too much about these issues. But I guess I can do what I want now. Now I just need to find the time to do it. My hope is that blogging about these issues can change things around in our profession. I hope that when I retire in 40 years, there are 50% women in most top philosophy departments, 50% women among the highest paid philosophers, 50% women contributing to volumes and journals, etc. As it is now, there are about 21% women in top philosophy departments, 0 - 10% women among the highest paid philosophers, and about 15% female contributions to mainstream philosophy volumes (I just got done making the calculations for Oxford volumes and hope to write a post about this soon). I hope blogging about these issues can help to change this picture.

I am off to Vancouver now. But I do have one last question before leaving. If someone out there wants to start a blog, what should they keep in mind? Which mistakes should they avoid? Any other useful advice to potential or actual bloggers?

G: Consider joining a group blog and practicing a bit. (If you work in philosophy of mind/psychology/neuroscience and you have something interesting to say, join Brains :-).

For some people, contributing to a group blog might be enough. If there is no group blog in your area, start one! If you want to start your own blog, aim at quality and look for an edge (a specialty, a different perspective, etc.). Finally, link to other blogs and online sources and ask others to link to your blog. The more connected you are, the more readers will find you.

Saturday, April 18, 2009

Wednesday, February 04, 2009

Female speakers: a rarity

We all know about the male-dominated philosophy volumes, especially those in mainstream analytic philosophy. Often these volumes have no female contributors. Occasionally they have a token woman. When you point it out to the editors, they have plenty of excuses.

"I invited lots of women but they all said 'no'."
"Hardly any women are working in the area."
"I just asked the most prominent people in the field."
"It's the proceedings from a conference."
"I am just following the norm"

Legitimate reasons? In some cases perhaps. It could indeed be that the editors invited a handful of women who all said 'no', and it could be that hardly any women work in the relevant area. But how often does that happen? The prominent-people and conference excuses are just... well, plain silly. Might it not be that those invited to contribute to volumes on a regular basis have a better shot at becoming the most prominent people in the field? Or is it the other way around? And I can't help but wonder why female speakers weren't represented at the conference or workshop that preceded the volume. Is it because less than 10% females on the main program is the norm, even in areas where it shouldn't be difficult to find qualified female philosophers? Or is it because the qualified women in the area live too far away from the conference site? Or is it because the prominent male philosophers in the audience wouldn't be able to handle the tiny female voices? Naaah, it's probably just that "caring about the status of women in the profession is so twentieth-century" (HT: Feminist Philosophers).

Wednesday, July 30, 2008

Women, Tenure and Age

Check out this recent post at the Splintered Mind, which has some data on the relationship between age, gender, and rank. The data indicate that female philosophers progress more slowly through the ranks than their male colleagues. Thanks Joshua and Eric for collecting these data!

Tuesday, April 15, 2008

Friday, February 29, 2008

Projection

Good ol' math and good ol' defense mechanisms (Thanks to Josh Eaves for the link)

Thursday, February 14, 2008

St. Louis University Bans V-Day

The administrators at SLU have banned V-Day -- a global movement to stop violence against women and girls.

Monday, February 11, 2008

Woman Bashing

I just read Stanley Fish' interesting column on Hillary-bashing (thanks to Susanna Schellenberg for the link). Though not his main focus Fish draws attention to the fact that sexism is not always a crime committed by old bearded men. Women are just as actively engaged in the recent Hillary-bashing as their male companions. Perhaps sexism is not the driving force behind the hatred but it seems at least partially responsible. Unlike their male counterparts women may not come right into your living room and say that Hillary is a power-addict who has "pimped out" her daughter. No -- female woman bashers won't do that. That's too blatant, not nearly as effective. Female woman bashers tend to be more subtle and more insidious. It's the high-school phenomenon. Girls who put girls in their "right" place. Smart girls were never in fashion -- for whatever reason. Perhaps it's time for a change. As one of Fish's commenters nicely puts it:

Sure, don’t we all hate those smart girls who always make the right move, the teachers pets, the one with all the answers, the one who may be smarter than us? But that is who we need in leadership!

Thursday, February 07, 2008

New Blog on Gender, Race and Philosophy

The Symposia on Gender, Race and Philosophy has started a new blog: Gender, Race and Philosophy: The Blog. The blog will feature discussions of philosophical work on race and gender as well as current events. Their first post is on Obama (HT: Sally Haslanger).

Sunday, February 03, 2008

Refereeing Practices: Single- or Double-Blind?

A recent study conducted by Budden et al indicates that double-blind refereeing helps to increase the representation of women in ecology journals. The researchers compared Behavioral Ecology, which implemented double-blind refereeing in 2001, to Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, which remains single-blind refereed. Following the introduction of double-blind refereeing there was a 33% percent increase in the number of women represented in BE.

So, why is blind refereeing not standardly employed in ecology? As the article points out, the following four reasons are frequently cited:

1) Increased admistrative burden.
2) Referees can determine author identify in other ways.
3) The decreased potential for more feedback to junior people.
4) Harder to "detect publication of the same data across multiple papers"

But none of them survives closer scrutiny.

Ad 1) If the journal asks authors to prepare their papers for blind review, double-blind refereeing does not increase the work load for the editor. And there certainly shouldn't be an increased burden on the reviewer, as we should expect the reviewer to apply the same high standards in both cases.
Ad 2) Guesses tend to be inaccurate. Referees make correct guesses only in 25% - 42% of the cases. A related concern is that referees might google the paper, which would make double-blind refereeing redundant. But, as not every author posts their work in progress, this is not a foolproof method for determining author identity either.
Ad 3) If this is a real concern, the editor (who knows the author's identity) could ask the referee for a written report, rather than a 'yes' or 'no' assessment.
Ad 4) This may be a genuine concern in the sciences. But I doubt that it generalizes to other areas. It certainly is not a concern in philosophy, as far as I can tell.

So what are the lessons (if any) for philosophy? Well, most philosophy journals are already double-blind refereed, but the data can perhaps explain the underrepresentation of women in edited volumes (as inclusion is determined prior to refereeing). It might also give reason to implement tripple-blind refereeing (i.e., neither editor nor referee knows the author's identity).

(Thanks to Claire Horisk for sending the link)